ORS 164.225
Burglary in the first degree


(1)

A person commits the crime of burglary in the first degree if the person violates ORS 164.215 (Burglary in the second degree) and the building is a dwelling, or if in effecting entry or while in a building or in immediate flight therefrom the person:

(a)

Is armed with a burglary tool or theft device as defined in ORS 164.235 (Possession of a burglary tool or theft device) or a deadly weapon;

(b)

Causes or attempts to cause physical injury to any person; or

(c)

Uses or threatens to use a dangerous weapon.

(2)

Burglary in the first degree is a Class A felony. [1971 c.743 §137; 2003 c.577 §10]

Source: Section 164.225 — Burglary in the first degree, https://www.­oregonlegislature.­gov/bills_laws/ors/ors164.­html.

Notes of Decisions

Defendant was guilty under this section where he was liable for his accomplice’s use of a knife during cafe burglary notwithstanding defendant’s exhortations to accomplice not to use knife when surprised by proprietor. State v. Hightower, 17 Or App 112, 520 P2d 470 (1974)

Where defendant’s entry exceeded the scope of the owner’s permission and, although defendant left a note saying he was borrowing the property, there was evidence that he intended to permanently deprive the owner thereof, the conviction was sustained. State v. McKinney, 21 Or App 560, 535 P2d 1392 (1975)

Defendant committed burglary in the first degree when he unlawfully entered a boat which was a dwelling with intent to steal the entire boat. State v. Spenser, 24 Or App 385, 545 P2d 611 (1976)

Legislative intent in this section is to more severely punish professional burglars using burglar’s tools, and defendant who used beer bottle to smash jewelry store window was improperly convicted of first rather than second degree burglary. State v. Reid, 36 Or App 417, 585 P2d 411 (1978)

Where same violent act, striking victim with 2x4 board, was basis for both first degree robbery and first degree burglary convictions, they were merged to extent that same violent act was element in each, and burglary conviction was reduced to second degree, which required no physical force. State v. Kline, 37 Or App 899, 588 P2d 675 (1978)

Where defendant committed murder in course of burglary, it was improper to impose sentence for burglary in addition to imposition of life sentence for felony murder pursuant to ORS 163.115. State v. Fish, 282 Or 53, 577 P2d 500 (1978)

Ten-year enhancement portion of sentence pursuant to [former] ORS 166.230 following conviction of attempted burglary in first degree was unlawful because being armed with deadly weapon is element of crime of first degree burglary. State v. Shipley, 39 Or App 283, 592 P2d 237 (1979)

Under this section “intent to commit crime” is element of first degree burglary, but instruction that there is disputable presumption that one intends ordinary consequences of one’s voluntary acts, that unlawful act is done with unlawful intent and that jury may infer intent in accordance with this rule, did not unconstitutionally shift burden of proof. State v. Stilling, 285 Or 293, 590 P2d 1223 (1979)

To convict under this section does not require proof that defendant had intent to use burglar tool, but only proof that defendant possessed tool described as burglar tool in ORS 164.235. State v. Johnson, 55 Or App 98, 637 P2d 211 (1981), Sup Ct review denied

Jury instruction which permitted jury to infer intent to steal from defendant’s presence in building was improper as it would permit essential element of crime of this section to be supplied by inference derived from unlawful entry. State v. Johnson, 55 Or App 98, 637 P2d 211 (1981), Sup Ct review denied

Where defendant, charged with violation of this section, presented evidence that he did not enter building and that he did not enter or remain upon the premises with an intent to commit a crime there, evidence created dispute as to issues of fact which would have enabled jury to find that elements of greater offense had not been proven and failure to instruct on lesser offense of criminal trespass in second degree (ORS 164.245) was error. State v. Naylor, 291 Or 191, 629 P2d 1308 (1981)

Where defendant committed burglary and in course of burglary stole marijuana from premises, it was proper to convict for burglary and possession of controlled substance ([former] ORS 475.992). State v. Shaw, 56 Or App 473, 642 P2d 335 (1982)

In prosecution for burglary with intent to commit menacing, admission of testimony about two telephone calls constituting false report of emergency at victim’s residence might indicate animosity on part of defendant toward victims and thus be relevant to defendant’s intent, but probative value of evidence was outweighed by its prejudicial impact. State v. Muskopf, 57 Or App 706, 646 P2d 40 (1982)

This section, as applied to defendant, was sufficiently clear in defining “burglar tool” and not unconstitutional for vagueness. State v. Pierce, 69 Or App 620, 687 P2d 161 (1984), Sup Ct review denied

Section describes three situations, any one of which is sufficient, in which burglar armed with burglar’s tool will be convicted, so that defendant who picked up hammer after entry was properly convicted. State v. Fuller, 73 Or App 306, 698 P2d 502 (1985)

In prosecution under this section, sign post used by defendant to pry lock from door during burglary was not “adapted” nor “commonly used” for committing forced entry and was not “burglar’s tool.” State v. Warner, 298 Or 640, 696 P2d 1052 (1985)

Mobile home parked in driveway and used intermittently by guests for sleeping was “dwelling” within meaning of ORS 164.205. State v. McDonald, 77 Or App 267, 712 P2d 163 (1986)

Defendant’s first degree burglary conviction in Oregon was properly used for enhancement purposes under Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 USCA §924 (e)(2)(B)(ii). U.S. v. Hunt, 925 F2d 1181 (9th Cir. 1991)

Burglary in common area of fraternity house was committed within dwelling. State v. McKoon, 127 Or App 64, 871 P2d 127 (1994)

Where entry is for purpose of committing more than one crime, only one count of unlawful entry occurs. State v. Sparks, 150 Or App 293, 946 P2d 314 (1997), Sup Ct review denied

Violation of restraining order is not commission of “crime.” State v. Litscher, 207 Or App 565, 142 P3d 549 (2006)

Where defendant commits single unlawful entry or single act of remaining unlawfully on premises, subsequent commission of multiple crimes allows multiple counts but only single conviction. State v. White, 341 Or 624, 147 P3d 313 (2006)

Unlawful entry and remaining unlawfully on premises are alternative means of committing single crime. State v. White, 341 Or 624, 147 P3d 313 (2006)

Conviction under this section is not categorical burglary offense for purposes of applying federal Armed Career Criminal Act of 1984. U.S. v. Mayer, 560 F3d 948 (9th Cir. 2009)

For purposes of applying residual clause of Armed Career Criminal Act of 1984, burglary in first degree poses serious potential risk of physical injury to people (1) present in dwelling at time of burglary or (2) in immediate area of building if confrontation occurs. U.S. v. Mayer, 560 F3d 948 (9th Cir. 2009)

That defendant entered and remained unlawfully are not separate elements each requiring agreement of jurors to find defendant guilty, but are interchangeable and overlapping findings that allows jury to conclude defendant acted unlawfully. State v. Pipkin, 354 Or 513, 316 P3d 255 (2013)

Where defendant entered breezeway that is attached to home, covered, permits access to garage and in which homeowners stored food and other items, defendant entered “dwelling” as used in this section and as defined in ORS 164.205. State v. Taylor, 271 Or App 292, 350 P3d 525 (2015)

Where defendant stole property from house in which defendant had permission to be, defendant’s commission of crime did not convert lawful entry into unlawful remaining. State v. Werner, 281 Or App 154, 383 P3d 875 (2016), Sup Ct review denied

Where defendant, without boat owner’s knowledge, was living and sleeping on boat not otherwise used for overnight habitation, defendant’s own unlawful habitation of boat was insufficient to convert boat to “dwelling” for purposes of burglary in first degree. State v. Davis, 281 Or App 855, 385 P3d 1245 (2016)

Where defendant, authorized by victim homeowner to enter home for purpose of performing repair work in areas victim told defendant’s employer that defendant was expected to access, entered other areas of home from which defendant took property, defendant entered or remained unlawfully in those areas. State v. Angelo, 282 Or App 403, 385 P3d 1092 (2016), Sup Ct review denied

Because “building,” as used in this section, is defined more broadly than it is defined for generic burglary and, therefore, criminalizes more conduct than generic burglary, and because building element is indivisible, this section is not categorical match to generic burglary under federal law; accordingly, defendant’s previous convictions for first-degree burglary under this section do not qualify as predicate offense under Armed Career Criminal Act, 18 U.S.C. 924, to which mandatory minimum sentence may apply. United States v. Cisneros, 826 F3d 1190 (9th Cir. 2016)

Within single-family home, locked bedroom that was separately rented and that defendant lacked permission to enter constituted separate “building” or “dwelling” for purposes of burglary statutes. State v. Perez-Salas, 312 Or App 693, 492 P3d 95 (2021), Sup Ct review denied

For purposes of analyzing whether conviction under this section is crime involving moral turpitude under federal immigration law, this section is divisible between first degree burglary of dwelling and first degree burglary of nondwelling involving aggravating factor. Diaz-Flores v. Garland, 993 F3d 766 (9th Cir. 2021)

In deciding claim for relief from removal under federal immigration law, conviction under this section is crime involving moral turpitude when involving dwelling. Diaz-Flores v. Garland, 993 F3d 766 (9th Cir. 2021)

164.005
Definitions
164.015
“Theft” described
164.025
Consolidation of theft offenses
164.035
Defenses
164.043
Theft in the third degree
164.045
Theft in the second degree
164.055
Theft in the first degree
164.057
Aggravated theft in the first degree
164.061
Sentence for aggravated theft in the first degree when victim 65 years of age or older
164.063
Disproportionate impact
164.065
Theft of lost, mislaid property
164.075
Extortion
164.085
Theft by deception
164.095
Theft by receiving
164.098
Organized retail theft
164.105
Right of possession
164.115
Value of property
164.125
Theft of services
164.130
Application of ORS 164.125 to telephone or telegraph services
164.132
Unlawful distribution of cable television equipment
164.135
Unauthorized use of a vehicle
164.138
Criminal possession of a rented or leased motor vehicle
164.140
Criminal possession of rented or leased personal property
164.160
Definitions
164.162
Mail theft or receipt of stolen mail
164.164
Defense in prosecution under ORS 164.162
164.170
Laundering a monetary instrument
164.172
Engaging in a financial transaction in property derived from unlawful activity
164.174
Exceptions
164.205
Definitions for ORS 164.205 to 164.270
164.215
Burglary in the second degree
164.225
Burglary in the first degree
164.235
Possession of a burglary tool or theft device
164.243
Criminal trespass in the second degree by a guest
164.245
Criminal trespass in the second degree
164.255
Criminal trespass in the first degree
164.265
Criminal trespass while in possession of a firearm
164.270
Closure of premises to motor-propelled vehicles
164.272
Unlawful entry into a motor vehicle
164.274
Definitions for ORS 164.276 and 164.278
164.276
Authority of sports official to expel persons from sports event
164.278
Criminal trespass at a sports event
164.305
Definitions for ORS 164.305 to 164.377
164.315
Arson in the second degree
164.325
Arson in the first degree
164.335
Reckless burning
164.338
Arson incident to the manufacture of a controlled substance in the second degree
164.342
Arson incident to the manufacture of a controlled substance in the first degree
164.345
Criminal mischief in the third degree
164.354
Criminal mischief in the second degree
164.365
Criminal mischief in the first degree
164.367
Determining value of damage
164.373
Tampering with cable television equipment
164.377
Computer crime
164.381
Definitions
164.383
Unlawfully applying graffiti
164.386
Unlawfully possessing a graffiti implement
164.388
Preemption
164.395
Robbery in the third degree
164.405
Robbery in the second degree
164.415
Robbery in the first degree
164.775
Deposit of trash within 100 yards of waters or in waters
164.785
Placing offensive substances in waters, on highways or other property
164.805
Offensive littering
164.813
Unlawful cutting and transport of special forest products
164.814
State Forester required to develop forms for special forest products
164.825
Cutting and transport of coniferous trees without permit or bill of sale
164.828
Ownership as affirmative defense under ORS 164.813 and 164.825
164.835
Investigation to prevent violations of ORS 164.813 and 164.825
164.845
Arrest, summons for cutting or transport of trees or special forest products
164.855
Seizure of trees or special forest products cut or transported in violation of ORS 164.813 or 164.825
164.857
Unlawfully transporting metal property
164.863
Unlawful transport of meat animal carcasses
164.864
Definitions for ORS 164.864 to 164.882
164.865
Unlawful sound recording
164.866
Civil action for injuries caused by criminal acts
164.867
Applicability of ORS 164.868, 164.869 and 164.872
164.868
Unlawful labeling of a sound recording
164.869
Unlawful recording of a live performance
164.872
Unlawful labeling of a videotape recording
164.873
Exemptions from ORS 164.865, 164.868, 164.869, 164.872 and 164.875
164.875
Unlawful videotape recording
164.882
Unlawful operation of an audiovisual device
164.885
Endangering aircraft
164.886
Unlawful tree spiking
164.887
Interference with agricultural operations
164.889
Interference with agricultural research
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