OAR 437-002-0228
Oregon General Requirements for Cranes

(1)

General Requirements:

(a)

The user shall comply with the manufacturer’s specifications and limitations applicable to the operation of any and all cranes and derricks;

(b)

Where manufacturer’s specifications are not available, the limitations assigned to the equipment shall be based on the determinations of a qualified engineer competent in this field and such determinations will be appropriately documented and recorded;

(c)

Attachments used with cranes shall not exceed the capacity, rating, or scope recommended by the manufacturer;

(d)

No modifications or additions which affect the capacity or safe operation of the equipment shall be made without the manufacturer’s written approval. Cranes may be modified and rerated provided such modifications and the supporting structure are checked thoroughly for the new rated load by a qualified engineer or the equipment manufacturer;

(e)

If such modifications or changes are made, the capacity, operation, and maintenance instruction plates, tags, or decals, shall be changed accordingly. In no case shall the original safety factor of the equipment be reduced. Only the manufacturer or other competent shop with suitable equipment and with personnel trained for the work shall be permitted to perform welding or other repair work on cranes or derricks;

(f)

Rated load capacities, and recommended operating speeds, special hazard warnings, or instruction, shall be conspicuously posted on all equipment;

(g)

Instructional or warning signs shall be visible to the operator while he or she is at his or her control station;

(h)

The employer shall designate a competent person who shall inspect all machinery and equipment prior to each use, and during use, to make sure it is in safe operating condition;

(i)

Any deficiencies shall be repaired, or defective parts replaced, before continued use;

(j)

A thorough, annual inspection of all cranes shall be made by a competent person, or a government or private agency;

(k)

The employer shall maintain a record of the dates and results of inspections for each hoisting machine and piece of equipment;

(l)

An unimpaired horizontal clearance of not less than three feet shall be maintained between the rotating superstructure of any crane and any adjacent object or surface. If this clearance cannot be maintained, barricades shall be installed to isolate the hazardous area;

(m)

All windows in cabs shall be of safety glass, or its equivalent, that introduces no visible distortion that will interfere with the safe operation of the machine;

(n)

Cranes which operate at night shall have their load hooks and working areas adequately lighted;

(o)

Sufficient light shall be provided in the operator’s cage or cab to enable the operator to see clearly enough to perform his or her work;

(p)

An accessible fire extinguisher of 10 BC rating, or higher, shall be available at all operator stations or cabs of equipment;

(q)

Belts, gears, and other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts or equipment shall be guarded as required in OAR chapter 437, division 2/O, Machinery and Machine Guarding.

(2)

Crane operator training requirements:

(a)

The employer shall establish written procedures for the safe operation of all cranes and derricks;

(b)

The employer shall see that employees who operate cranes or derricks are properly trained, have sufficient practical experience, and follow operating procedures for the safe operation of the crane or derrick;

(c)

The level of training and experience received by the employee to meet OAR 437-002-0228 (Oregon General Requirements for Cranes)(2)(b) above shall be recorded in writing;

(d)

The employer shall maintain all written records of crane or derrick operators’ training and experience, and shall make such records available for review by the Oregon Occupational Safety and Health Division (OR-OSHA) upon request.

(3)

Overhead Wires — Operating Near Electric Power Lines. A warning sign, legible at 12 feet, shall be posted and maintained in plain view of the operators of each crane, derrick, or power-shovel. The sign shall read, “UNLAWFUL TO OPERATE THIS EQUIPMENT WITHIN TEN FEET OF HIGH-VOLTAGE LINES.”
NOTE: For operation near overhead electric lines see Division 2/S, Electrical, 1910.333(c)(3).

(4)

Signals. Class “D” citizens band radio frequencies shall not be used for signalling crane operators.

(5)

Hoisting Equipment and Tackle. Blocks, Sheaves, and Drums:

(a)

Blocks, sheaves and drums and all parts thereof shall not be used for heavier strains or greater speeds than that for which they have been designed and constructed;

(b)

Sheave and drum diameters shall be as recommended by the wire rope manufacturer for the size rope being used;

(c)

All pins, including bearing and yoke pins, of all blocks shall be secured against accidental displacement;

(d)

Sheaves supporting boom lines shall not be carried on overhung sheave pins unless equipped with substantial guards passing around the sheave pin and securely held from dislodgment from the pin;

(e)

All blocks shall be fitted with line guards or shall be designed and set in a manner that prevents fouling;

(f)

Where the slacking of cable around sheaves and idlers would result in injury to workers, line guards shall be provided;

(g)

Working line blocks shall be kept in proper alignment;

(h)

Snatch (gate) blocks shall be closed and hooked before being used.

(6)

Drums. Ends of lines attached to drums shall be securely fastened by means of clamps, socketing, or other means furnishing equivalent strength. Not less than two wraps of line shall be maintained on drums.

(7)

Chains:

(a)

End fastenings shall be capable of sustaining loads up to the breaking strength of the hoisting chain with which they are used;

(b)

Hoisting chains shall be repaired or removed from such service when the increase in length (stretch) of the measured section exceeds five percent; or when a link is bent, twisted, or otherwise damaged, or when raised scarfs or defective welds appear;

(c)

Knots shall not be tied in chain in order to shorten its length.

(8)

Hooks. When necessary to prevent lifting attachments from inadvertently lifting out of the hook, a safety type hook or other device or means shall be used.

(9)

Wire Rope:

(a)

Wire rope and replacement wire rope shall be of the same size, same or better grade, and same construction as originally furnished by the equipment manufacturer or contemplated in the design, unless otherwise recommended by the equipment or the wire rope manufacturer;

(b)

Wire rope with an independent wire-rope center or other heat-resisting center shall be used as hoisting rope wherever exposed to excessive temperatures such as ingot-pouring, ladle cranes, and similar operations;

(c)

Running wire ropes shall be guarded if within seven feet of the floor or platform;

(d)

Care shall be taken to prevent friction of ropes with other objects which will cause chafing or breaking of wires;

(e)

Wire rope shall be taken out of service when any of the following conditions exist:

(A)

In running ropes, six randomly distributed broken wire in one lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay;

(B)

Wear of one-third the original diameter of outside individual wires. Kinking, crushing, bird caging, or any other damage resulting in distortion of the rope structure;

(C)

Evidence of any heat damage from any cause;

(D)

Reductions from nominal diameter of more than 1⁄64-inch for diameters up to and including 5⁄16-inch, 1⁄32-inch for diameters 3⁄8-inch to and including 1⁄2-inch, 3⁄64-inch for diameters 9⁄16-inch to and including 3⁄4-inch, 1⁄16-inch for diameters 7⁄8 to 1-1⁄8 inches inclusive, 3⁄32-inch for diameters 1-1⁄4 to 1-1⁄2 inches inclusive;

(E)

In standing ropes, more than two broken wires in one lay in sections beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at an end connection;

(F)

Corroded, damaged, or improperly applied end connections.

(f)

Wire rope safety factors shall be in accordance with American National Standards Institute B30.5-1989 or SAE-J959-1966, Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength Factors.
NOTE: The margin of line to be used in making a long splice shall be indicated in the following table. The full length of the splice will be twice the length “to be unraveled.”
Rope To Be Rope To Be
Diameter Unraveled Diameter Unraveled
1⁄4 inch 6 feet 1-1⁄4 inches 25 feet
1⁄2 inch 8 feet 1-1⁄2 inches 30 feet
3⁄4 inch 15 feet 1-3⁄4 inches 35 feet
1 inch 20 feet 2 inches 40 feet

(g)

All cable shall be kept lubricated as conditions of use require;

(h)

When U-bolt wire rope clips are used for form eyes, the following table shall be used to determine the number and spacing of clips:
NUMBER AND SPACING OF U-BOLT WIRE CLIPS
Number of Clips
Improved
Plow Steel
Rope Minimum
Diameter Drop Other Spacing
Inches Forged Material (Inches)
1⁄2 3 4 3
5⁄8 3 4 3-3⁄4
3⁄4 4 5 4-1⁄2
7⁄8 4 5 5-1⁄4
1 5 6 6
1-1⁄8 6 6 6-3⁄4
1-1⁄4 6 7 7-1⁄2
1-3⁄8 7 7 8-1⁄4
1-1⁄2 7 8 9
(i)
When used for eye splices, the U-bolt shall be applied so that the “U” section is in contact with the dead end of the rope;

(j)

The use of cable clips or clamps may be accepted only when used in locations where they are readily accessible and subjected to frequent inspection. Clips and clamps when used shall be of the correct size and shall be properly applied. Allowance shall be made for the reduced strength of the line;

(k)

The use of cable clips or clamps for joining lines is prohibited, except where used for transferring of slack lines from one place to another.

Source: Rule 437-002-0228 — Oregon General Requirements for Cranes, https://secure.­sos.­state.­or.­us/oard/view.­action?ruleNumber=437-002-0228.

437–002–0005
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0006
General Oregon Definitions 437–002–0007
Testing and Certification 437–002–0010
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0015
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0020
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0022
Additional Oregon General Requirements 437–002–0026
Portable Ladders 437–002–0032
Ramps and Runways 437–002–0033
Piers and Wharves 437–002–0040
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0041
Exits and Exit Routes 437–002–0042
Emergency Action Plan 437–002–0043
Fire Prevention Plan 437–002–0047
Working Near Overhead High Voltage Lines and Equipment 437–002–0060
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0080
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0081
Oregon Ventilation Regulations 437–002–0095
Audiometric Testing in Oregon 437–002–0098
Additional Applicability 437–002–0100
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0101
Oregon Start-Up Dates 437–002–0107
Spray Finishing 437–002–0109
Explosives and Blasting Agents 437–002–0118
Oregon Rules for Reinforced Plastics Manufacturing 437–002–0119
Oregon Effective Dates 437–002–0120
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0122
Dipping and Coating 437–002–0134
Personal Protective Equipment 437–002–0139
Working Underway on Water. 437–002–0140
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0141
Additional Oregon Sanitation Requirements 437–002–0142
Labor Camps 437–002–0144
Additional Oregon Rules for General Environmental Controls 437–002–0145
Additional Oregon Rules for Accident Prevention and Tags 437–002–0146
Confined Spaces 437–002–0154
Individual Locks 437–002–0161
Medical Services and First Aid 437–002–0170
Worker Protection Standard 437–002–0180
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0182
Oregon Rules for Fire Fighters 437–002–0187
Portable Fire Extinguishers 437–002–0200
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0210
Additional Oregon Rules for Compressed Air and Compressed Gas Equipment 437–002–0220
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0221
Additional Oregon Rules for Handling Materials 437–002–0223
Oregon Rules for Commercial and Industrial Vehicles 437–002–0227
Additional Oregon Rules for Powered Industrial Trucks 437–002–0228
Oregon General Requirements for Cranes 437–002–0229
Additional Oregon Rules for Overhead and Gantry Cranes 437–002–0230
Additional Oregon Rule for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes 437–002–0232
Additional Oregon Rule for Derricks 437–002–0233
Oregon Rules for Hammerhead Cranes 437–002–0235
Additional Oregon Rule for Slings 437–002–0240
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0242
Oregon Rules for Machinery and Machine Guarding 437–002–0256
Stationary Compactors, Self-Contained Compactors, and Balers 437–002–0260
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0262
Additional Definitions in Oregon 437–002–0264
Additional General Requirements for Hand Tools 437–002–0266
Additional Oregon Rules for Guarding Portable Powered Tools 437–002–0268
Oregon Rules for Hand-Powered Equipment 437–002–0280
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0282
Job Planning and Layout 437–002–0283
Eye Protection and Protective Clothing 437–002–0284
Specifications for Protectors 437–002–0285
Special Precautions 437–002–0286
Preservative Coatings 437–002–0287
Toxic Preservative Coatings 437–002–0288
Health Protection and Ventilation — General 437–002–0297
Welding or Cutting Containers 437–002–0298
Self-Contained Units 437–002–0300
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0301
Scope and Application 437–002–0302
Definitions 437–002–0303
Training and Work Planning 437–002–0304
First Aid Requirements 437–002–0305
Traffic Control 437–002–0306
Electrical Hazards 437–002–0307
Personal Protective Equipment 437–002–0308
Portable Power Tools 437–002–0309
Hand Tools 437–002–0310
Work Procedures 437–002–0311
Mobile Equipment 437–002–0312
Oregon Rules for Pulp, Paper and Paperboard Mills 437–002–0313
Additional Oregon Rules for Sawmills 437–002–0314
Veneer and Plywood Machinery 437–002–0315
Shake and Shingle Machinery 437–002–0316
Oregon Rules for Telecommunications 437–002–0320
Adoption by Reference. 437–002–0340
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0342
Additional Oregon Definition 437–002–0345
Inland Emergency Aid 437–002–0355
Air Supply Systems (Compressed Gases and Air) 437–002–0360
Adoption by Reference 437–002–0363
Oregon Amendment 437–002–0364
Oregon Rules for MOCA (4,4’-Methylene Bis (2-chloroaniline)) 437–002–0368
Deterioration 437–002–0371
Scope and Application 437–002–0373
Oregon Rules for Thiram 437–002–0377
Additional Oregon Rules for Hazard Communication 437–002–0378
Oregon Rules for Pipe Labelling 437–002–0382
Oregon Rules for Air Contaminants 437–002–0390
Oregon Effective Dates 437–002–0391
Additional Oregon Rules for Carcinogens in Laboratories 437–002–1001
Asbestos Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1017
Vinyl Chloride Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1018
Inorganic Arsenic Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1025
Lead Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1027
Cadmium Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1028
Benzene Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1029
Coke Oven Emissions Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1030
Additional Oregon Rules for Bloodborne Pathogens 437–002–1035
Oregon Rule for Sharps Injury Log 437–002–1043
Cotton Dust Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1044
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropane Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1045
Acrylonitrile Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1047
Ethylene Oxide Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1048
Formaldehyde Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1050
Methylenedianiline Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1051
1,3-Butadiene Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1052
Methylene Chloride Respiratory Protection Program 437–002–1053
Scope and Application 437–002–1054
Definitions 437–002–1055
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 437–002–1056
Exposure Assessment 437–002–1057
Specified exposure control methods 437–002–1058
Regulated and Restricted Access Areas 437–002–1059
Methods of Compliance 437–002–1060
Respiratory Protection 437–002–1061
Housekeeping 437–002–1062
Medical Surveillance 437–002–1063
Communication of Respirable Crystalline Silica Hazards to Employees 437–002–1064
Recordkeeping 437–002–1065
Dates 437–002–1139
Working Over or In Water 437–002–2021
Additional Oregon Definitions 437–002–2022
Additional Oregon Rules for Powered Platforms 437–002–2024
Scope and Application 437–002–2025
Definitions 437–002–2026
Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) 437–002–2027
Rope Descent & Rope Access Systems 437–002–2028
Regulated and Restricted Access Areas 437–002–2029
Methods of Compliance 437–002–2030
Respiratory Protection 437–002–2031
Delayed Effective Dates for Walking-Working Surfaces 437–002–2032
Hygiene Areas and Practices 437–002–2033
Housekeeping 437–002–2034
Medical Surveillance 437–002–2035
Medical Removal 437–002–2036
Communication of Beryllium Hazards to Employees 437–002–2037
Recordkeeping 437–002–2038
Dates 437–002–2040
Exposure Assessment 437–002–2045
Personal Protective Clothing and Equipment 437–002–2101
Compressed Gases (General Requirements) 437–002–2102
Acetylene 437–002–2224
Vehicle Drivers and Riders 437–002–2225
Vehicles for Highway and Road Operation Characteristics and Maintenance 437–002–2226
Vehicles for Use on Property Other Than Public Roads and Highways Operation, Characteristics and Maintenance 437–002–2253
Oxygen-fuel Gas Welding and Cutting 437–002–2300
General 437–002–2301
Medical Services and First Aid 437–002–2302
Job Briefing 437–002–2303
Hazardous Energy Control Procedures 437–002–2304
Enclosed Spaces 437–002–2305
Excavations 437–002–2306
Personal Protective Equipment 437–002–2307
Portable Ladders and Platforms 437–002–2308
Hand and Portable Power Equipment 437–002–2309
Live-line Tools 437–002–2310
Materials Handling and Storage 437–002–2311
Working On or Near Exposed Energized Parts 437–002–2312
Deenergizing Lines and Equipment for Employee Protection 437–002–2313
Grounding for the Protection of Employees 437–002–2314
Testing and Test Facilities 437–002–2315
Mechanical Equipment 437–002–2316
Overhead Lines 437–002–2317
Line-clearance Tree Trimming 437–002–2318
Communication Facilities 437–002–2319
Underground Electrical Installations 437–002–2320
Substations 437–002–2321
Power Generation Installations 437–002–2322
Special Conditions 437–002–2323
Helicopters 437–002–2324
Definitions
Last Updated

Jun. 8, 2021

Rule 437-002-0228’s source at or​.us