Tort Actions
Contributory negligence not bar to recovery
- comparative negligence standard
- third party complaints
Notes of Decisions
Court has discretion to require jury to make special findings assigning percentage of fault to parties. Hammagren v. Wald Construction, Inc., 274 Or 267, 545 P2d 859 (1976)
Ordinary contributory negligence on the part of a guest passenger is a partial defense resulting in a diminished recovery rather than in no recovery at all. Johnson v. Tilden, 278 Or 11, 562 P2d 1188 (1977)
Comparative negligence of investor, his spouse, and his guardian could not be used as offset to gross negligence of brokerage firm. Ryan v. Foster & Marshall, Inc., 556 F2d 460 (1977)
Comparative negligence doctrine is not applicable to strict liability situations, for Oregon strict liability rule is not based on theory of negligence. Brown v. Link Belt Corp., 565 F2d 1107 (1977)
Where evidence established that, after collision with truck, train came to rest 135 feet beyond point of impact, reasonable minds could differ over relative fault of parties, and it was not error to submit question to jury. Resser v. Boise-Cascade Corp., 284 Or 385, 587 P2d 80 (1978)
Under this section, comparative fault is applicable in strict liability in tort. Baccelleri v. Hyster Co., 287 Or 3, 597 P2d 351 (1979)
Even though doctrine of implied assumption of risk is abolished by [former] ORS 18.475, legislative intent is that conduct which is sometimes labeled assumption of risk but which is subspecies of contributory negligence can be compared in apportioning damages. Baccelleri v. Hyster Co., 287 Or 3, 597 P2d 351 (1979)
Where defendant-sawmill designer alleged contributory negligence and negligent misuse of product as affirmative defenses to strict liability, trial court properly struck affirmative defenses from answer. Holdsclaw v. Warren, 45 Or App 153, 607 P2d 1208 (1980), Sup Ct review denied
An injured person’s conduct which in fact is a cause of the injury and which constitutes “fault”, including negligence, is to be considered in product liability actions, unless user’s alleged negligence consists of the kind of conduct that goes toward making the product dangerously defective in the first place. Sandford v. Chev. Div. of Gen. Motors, 292 Or 590, 642 P2d 624 (1982); Wilson v. B.F. Goodrich, 292 Or 626, 642 P2d 644 (1982)
It was error to instruct jury that landlord was not liable to invitee for injury from condition whose danger is known or obvious to invitee unless harm could nevertheless be anticipated, because such an instruction imports elements of contributory negligence and is, thus, incompatible with comparative negligence statute. Woolston v. Wells, 63 Or App 7, 663 P2d 408 (1983), aff’d 297 Or 548, 687 P2d 144 (1984)
This section addresses itself only to those persons against whom recovery is sought when case is submitted to trier of fact for comparison of fault. Mills v. Brown, 303 Or 223, 735 P2d 603 (1987)
Because there was evidence offered from which jury might have concluded that plaintiff’s injuries were exclusively or primarily result of his failure to fasten his safety belt, and because jury could have found plaintiff’s failure to do so was not reasonable under circumstances, jury should have received evidence offered by defendant on issue of safety belt defense. Dahl v. BMW, 304 Or 558, 748 P2d 77 (1987)
Failure to use safety belt is not properly question of failure to mitigate damages and proper method of raising defense is through allegations of comparative fault. Morast v. James, 304 Or 571, 748 P2d 84 (1987)
Insurer may be vicariously liable for actions of its agents, including counsel it hired to defend its insured. Stumpf v. Continental Casualty Co., 102 Or App 302, 794 P2d 1228 (1990)
Comparative fault applies to actions for gross negligence. DeYoung v. Fallon, 104 Or App 66, 798 P2d 66 (1990), Sup Ct review denied
Under pre-1995 amendment version, beneficiaries of wrongful death action brought by estate are parties to action. Robinson v. Children’s Services Division, 140 Or App 429, 914 P2d 1123 (1996)
In strict products liability case, court must: 1) determine as matter of law whether jury could find that defendant has established comparative fault defense; and 2) if requested, give instruction limiting type of negligent conduct that may be attributed to plaintiff. Hernandez v. Barbo Machinery Co., 327 Or 99, 957 P2d 147 (1998)
Reduction in award for comparative fault of plaintiff is inappropriate where defendant is guilty of willful misconduct. Hampton Tree Farms, Inc. v. Jewett, 158 Or App 376, 974 P2d 738 (1999), Sup Ct review denied
Prohibition against making comparison of defendant’s fault with fault of person who is immune from liability does not prevent consideration of conduct of immune person in determining whether conduct of defendant was substantial factor in causing injury. Lyons v. Walsh and Sons Trucking Co., Ltd., 183 Or App 76, 51 P3d 625 (2002), aff’d on other grounds, 337 Or 319, 96 P3d 1215 (2004)
Intentional misconduct is not “fault” subject to apportionment between defendants or between plaintiff and defendant. Shin v. Sunriver Preparatory School, Inc., 199 Or App 352, 111 P3d 762 (2005), Sup Ct review denied
When read with ORS 31.605 and 31.610, this section sets forth comprehensive system for allocating fault between parties and distributing liability for damages severally in accordance with that allocation. Comparative fault system eliminates need for common-law indemnity claim. Eclectic Investment, LLC v. Patterson, 357 Or 25, 346 P3d 468 (2015)
This section does not preclude comparative fault analysis in case against mental health providers arising from suicide of outpatient. Gardner v. OHSU, 299 Or App 280, 450 P3d 558 (2019), Sup Ct review denied
Law Review Citations
8 WLJ 37-53 (1972); 53 OLR 79-81, 84 (1973); 19 WLR 146 (1983); 69 OLR 147 (1990)