ORS 109.119
Rights of person who establishes emotional ties creating child-parent relationship or ongoing personal relationship

  • presumption regarding legal parent
  • motion for intervention

(1)

Except as otherwise provided in subsection (9) of this section, any person, including but not limited to a related or nonrelated foster parent, stepparent, grandparent or relative by blood or marriage, who has established emotional ties creating a child-parent relationship or an ongoing personal relationship with a child may petition or file a motion for intervention with the court having jurisdiction over the custody, placement or guardianship of that child, or if no such proceedings are pending, may petition the court for the county in which the child resides, for an order providing for relief under subsection (3) of this section.

(2)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

In any proceeding under this section, there is a presumption that the legal parent acts in the best interest of the child.

(b)

In an order granting relief under this section, the court shall include findings of fact supporting the rebuttal of the presumption described in paragraph (a) of this subsection.

(c)

The presumption described in paragraph (a) of this subsection does not apply in a proceeding to modify an order granting relief under this section.

(3)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

If the court determines that a child-parent relationship exists and if the court determines that the presumption described in subsection (2)(a) of this section has been rebutted by a preponderance of the evidence, the court shall grant custody, guardianship, right of visitation or other right to the person having the child-parent relationship, if to do so is in the best interest of the child. The court may determine temporary custody of the child or temporary visitation rights under this paragraph pending a final order.

(b)

If the court determines that an ongoing personal relationship exists and if the court determines that the presumption described in subsection (2)(a) of this section has been rebutted by clear and convincing evidence, the court shall grant visitation or contact rights to the person having the ongoing personal relationship, if to do so is in the best interest of the child. The court may order temporary visitation or contact rights under this paragraph pending a final order.

(4)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

In deciding whether the presumption described in subsection (2)(a) of this section has been rebutted and whether to award visitation or contact rights over the objection of the legal parent, the court may consider factors including, but not limited to, the following, which may be shown by the evidence:

(A)

The petitioner or intervenor is or recently has been the child’s primary caretaker;

(B)

Circumstances detrimental to the child exist if relief is denied;

(C)

The legal parent has fostered, encouraged or consented to the relationship between the child and the petitioner or intervenor;

(D)

Granting relief would not substantially interfere with the custodial relationship; or

(E)

The legal parent has unreasonably denied or limited contact between the child and the petitioner or intervenor.

(b)

In deciding whether the presumption described in subsection (2)(a) of this section has been rebutted and whether to award custody, guardianship or other rights over the objection of the legal parent, the court may consider factors including, but not limited to, the following, which may be shown by the evidence:

(A)

The legal parent is unwilling or unable to care adequately for the child;

(B)

The petitioner or intervenor is or recently has been the child’s primary caretaker;

(C)

Circumstances detrimental to the child exist if relief is denied;

(D)

The legal parent has fostered, encouraged or consented to the relationship between the child and the petitioner or intervenor; or

(E)

The legal parent has unreasonably denied or limited contact between the child and the petitioner or intervenor.

(5)

In addition to the other rights granted under this section, a stepparent with a child-parent relationship who is a party in a dissolution proceeding may petition the court having jurisdiction for custody or visitation under this section or may petition the court for the county in which the child resides for adoption of the child. The stepparent may also file for post-judgment modification of a judgment relating to child custody.

(6)

Intentionally left blank —Ed.

(a)

A motion for intervention filed under this section shall comply with ORCP 33 and state the grounds for relief under this section.

(b)

Costs for the representation of an intervenor under this section may not be charged against funds appropriated for public defense services.

(7)

In a proceeding under this section, the court may:

(a)

Cause an investigation, examination or evaluation to be made under ORS 107.425 (Investigation of parties in domestic relations suit involving children) or may appoint an individual or a panel or may designate a program to assist the court in creating parenting plans or resolving disputes regarding parenting time and to assist the parties in creating and implementing parenting plans under ORS 107.425 (Investigation of parties in domestic relations suit involving children) (3).

(b)

Assess against a party reasonable attorney fees and costs for the benefit of another party.

(8)

When a petition or motion to intervene is filed under this section seeking guardianship or custody of a child who is a foreign national, the petitioner or intervenor shall serve a copy of the petition or motion on the consulate for the child’s country.

(9)

This section does not apply to proceedings under ORS chapter 419B.

(10)

As used in this section:

(a)

“Child-parent relationship” means a relationship that exists or did exist, in whole or in part, within the six months preceding the filing of an action under this section, and in which relationship a person having physical custody of a child or residing in the same household as the child supplied, or otherwise made available to the child, food, clothing, shelter and incidental necessaries and provided the child with necessary care, education and discipline, and which relationship continued on a day-to-day basis, through interaction, companionship, interplay and mutuality, that fulfilled the child’s psychological needs for a parent as well as the child’s physical needs. However, a relationship between a child and a person who is the nonrelated foster parent of the child is not a child-parent relationship under this section unless the relationship continued over a period exceeding 12 months.

(b)

“Circumstances detrimental to the child” includes but is not limited to circumstances that may cause psychological, emotional or physical harm to a child.

(c)

“Grandparent” means the legal parent of the child’s legal parent.

(d)

“Legal parent” means a parent as defined in ORS 419A.004 (Definitions) whose rights have not been terminated under ORS 419B.500 (Termination of parental rights generally) to 419B.524 (Effect of termination order).

(e)

“Ongoing personal relationship” means a relationship with substantial continuity for at least one year, through interaction, companionship, interplay and mutuality. [1985 c.516 §2; 1987 c.810 §1; 1993 c.372 §1; 1997 c.92 §1; 1997 c.479 §1; 1997 c.873 §20; 1999 c.569 §6; 2001 c.873 §§1,1a,1e; 2003 c.143 §§1,2; 2003 c.231 §§4,5; 2003 c.576 §§138,139]

Source: Section 109.119 — Rights of person who establishes emotional ties creating child-parent relationship or ongoing personal relationship; presumption regarding legal parent; motion for intervention, https://www.­oregonlegislature.­gov/bills_laws/ors/ors109.­html.

Notes of Decisions

Where custody has been awarded to nonparent, parent seeking to regain custody must show substantial change of circumstance before court may consider whether compelling reason still exists to deny custody to parent. Lear v. Lear, 124 Or App 524, 863 P2d 482 (1993)

Intervenor can have parent-child relationship and fulfill child’s psychological need for parent even though child maintains parent-child relationship with both natural parents. Sorensen and Sorensen, 138 Or App 80, 906 P2d 838 (1995)

Court may withdraw intervenor status of person having parent-child relationship where continued intervention is not in best interest of child. State ex rel State Office for Services to Children and Families v. Fuller, 156 Or App 128, 964 P2d 1140 (1998), Sup Ct review denied

In determining whether visitation with person having ongoing personal relationship with child is appropriate and in best interest of child, court must give significant weight to decision made by fit custodial parent. Harrington v. Daum, 172 Or App 188, 18 P3d 456 (2001)

Term “in part” in definition of child-parent relationship refers to when relationship existed, not to acts establishing nature of relationship. Harrington v. Daum, 172 Or App 188, 18 P3d 456 (2001)

Parent qualifies for presumption favoring award of custody to fit natural parent only if parent has or once had some minimal level of participation in care, custody and control of child. State v. Wooden, 184 Or App 537, 57 P3d 583 (2002)

Finding of substantial change in circumstances is not required for modification of nonparent visitation rights. Meader v. Meader, 194 Or App 31, 94 P3d 123 (2004), Sup Ct review denied

Whether presumption that legal parent acts in best interest of child has been rebutted is determined by evidence as whole, not by presence or absence of listed factors. O’Donnell-Lamont and Lamont, 337 Or 86, 91 P3d 721 (2004)

Legal parent’s provision of “adequate” care requires that care must be more than subsistence level, but need not rise to level of care available from nonparent. O’Donnell-Lamont and Lamont, 337 Or 86, 91 P3d 721 (2004)

Finding of circumstances detrimental to child requires serious present risk of psychological, emotional or physical harm. O’Donnell-Lamont and Lamont, 337 Or 86, 91 P3d 721 (2004)

Rebuttable presumption that legal parent acts in best interest of child adequately protects parent’s due process right under United States Constitution to have special weight given to fit parent’s determination of child’s best interest. O’Donnell-Lamont and Lamont, 337 Or 86, 91 P3d 721 (2004)

Award of attorney fees against intervenor is improper absent finding that intervenor engaged in objectively unreasonable or meritless conduct. Niman and Niman, 206 Or App 400, 136 P3d 1186 (2006)

Determination regarding temporary visitation or contact rights does not have preclusive effect for purpose of final determination of custody, visitation or contact rights. Poet v. Thompson, 208 Or App 442, 144 P3d 1067 (2006)

Nonparent and child who reside in same abode for many, but not all, weekends do not reside in same household on “day-to-day basis.” Jensen v. Bevard, 215 Or App 215, 168 P3d 1209 (2007); Hanson-Parmer and Parmer, 233 Or App 187, 225 P3d 129 (2010)

“Child-parent relationship” on “day-to-day basis” does not require that person have physical custody of child every day and every night of week. Holt and Atterbury, 291 Or App 813, 420 P3d 676 (2018)

Law Review Citations

36 WLR 549 (2000); 82 OLR 1191 (2003); 44 WLR 297 (2007)

109.001
Breast-feeding in public place
109.003
Attorney fees
109.010
Duty of support
109.012
Liability of parents for expenses and education of children
109.015
Proceedings for child support if child receives public assistance
109.020
When child’s maintenance and education may be defrayed out of income of own property
109.030
Equality in rights and responsibilities of parents
109.035
Security required before foreign travel with child
109.041
Relationship between adopted child and natural and adoptive parents
109.050
Relation of adopted child to adoptive parents
109.056
Delegation of certain powers by parent or guardian
109.060
Legal status and legal relationships when parents not married
109.065
Establishing parentage
109.070
Presumption of parentage
109.072
Petition to vacate or set aside parentage determination
109.073
Social Security number of parent in paternity order
109.090
Interpretation of ORS 109.060 to 109.090
109.092
Obligation to recognize responsibility for conception
109.094
Rights of parent when parentage established
109.096
Notice to putative father when parentage not established
109.098
Objection of putative father in proceeding referred to in ORS 109.096
109.100
Petition for support
109.103
Proceeding to determine custody or support of child
109.112
Mother, father or putative father deemed to have attained majority
109.116
Validity of putative father’s authorization, release or waiver
109.118
Validity of decrees or orders entered prior to July 3, 1975, concerning custody, adoption or permanent commitment of child
109.119
Rights of person who establishes emotional ties creating child-parent relationship or ongoing personal relationship
109.124
Definitions for ORS 109.124 to 109.230
109.125
Who may initiate proceedings
109.135
Circuit court jurisdiction
109.145
Court may proceed despite failure to appear
109.155
Hearing
109.165
Vacation or modification of judgment
109.175
Determination of legal custody after parentage established
109.225
Notice to Center for Health Statistics after petition filed
109.230
Legality of contract between mother and father of child born out of wedlock
109.231
Records open to public
109.237
Attorney fees
109.239
Rights and obligations of children resulting from assisted reproduction
109.243
Relationship of child resulting from assisted reproduction to mother’s spouse
109.247
Application of law to children resulting from assisted reproduction
109.250
Short title
109.251
“Blood tests” defined
109.252
Authority for blood test
109.254
Selection of experts to make tests
109.256
Compensation of experts
109.258
Effect of test results
109.259
Temporary child support pending determination of parentage
109.260
Applicability to criminal actions for nonsupport
109.262
Uniformity of interpretation
109.264
Parties
109.266
Definitions for ORS 109.266 to 109.410
109.268
Interpretation of adoption laws
109.270
Rules regarding home studies and placement reports
109.272
Court required to act within six months of filing of petition for adoption
109.274
Confidentiality of petitioners
109.276
Petition for adoption
109.278
ICWA compliance report
109.281
Financial disclosure statement to be filed with petition
109.283
Application for home study by Oregon resident
109.285
Petition for adoption
109.287
Adoption Summary and Segregated Information Statement
109.289
Separate record of the case
109.301
Consent to adoption in general
109.302
Consent to adoption of Indian child
109.322
Consent of parent with mental illness or intellectual disability
109.323
Consent when custody of child has been awarded in divorce proceedings
109.324
Consent when parent has deserted or neglected child
109.325
Consent by Department of Human Services or approved child-caring agency of this state
109.326
Consent when spouse not parent
109.327
Consent by organization located outside Oregon
109.328
Consent of child 14 years of age or older
109.329
Adoption of person 18 years of age or older or legally married
109.330
Notice when parent does not consent
109.331
Consenting agency disclosure of county and case number of adoption proceeding
109.332
Grandparent visitation in stepparent adoption
109.335
Appointment of guardian pending further adoption proceedings
109.342
Medical history of child and biological parents required
109.346
Adoption-related counseling for birth parent
109.347
Civil action for failure to pay for counseling
109.350
Judgment of adoption or readoption
109.353
Notice of voluntary adoption registry required before judgment entered
109.360
Change of adopted child’s name
109.381
Effect of judgment of adoption
109.382
Vacating adoption of Indian child when parental consent to adoption obtained by fraud or duress
109.383
Notice of vacated judgment of adoption of Indian child or termination of adoptive parent’s parental rights to Indian child
109.385
Readoption proceeding
109.390
Authority of Department of Human Services or child-caring agency in adoption proceedings
109.400
Adoption report form
109.410
Certificate of adoption
109.425
Definitions for ORS 109.425 to 109.507
109.430
Policy and purpose
109.435
Adoption records to be permanently maintained
109.445
Information of registry confidential
109.450
Child placement agency to maintain registry
109.455
Persons eligible to use registry
109.460
Persons eligible to register
109.465
Content of affidavit
109.470
Continuing registration by birth parent or putative father
109.475
Processing affidavits
109.480
Counseling of registrant
109.485
Registry information to be maintained permanently
109.490
Limits on releasing information
109.495
Registrant fee
109.500
Genetic, social and health history
109.502
Search for birth parents, putative father, genetic siblings or county where adoption finalized
109.503
Access to adoption records for search
109.504
Effect on subsequent searches when person sought in initial search refuses contact
109.505
Support services
109.506
Rulemaking
109.507
Access to Department of Human Services records required
109.510
Age of majority
109.520
Majority of married persons
109.570
Legislative findings
109.572
Definitions for ORS 109.570 to 109.580
109.575
Authority of relative caregiver to consent to medical treatment and educational services for minor child
109.580
Relative caregiver affidavit
109.610
Right to care for certain sexually transmitted infections without parental consent
109.640
Right to medical or dental treatment without parental consent
109.650
Disclosure without minor’s consent and without liability
109.660
Construction
109.670
Right to donate blood
109.672
Certain persons immune from liability for providing care to minor
109.675
Right to diagnosis or treatment for mental or emotional disorder or chemical dependency without parental consent
109.680
Disclosure by mental health care provider without minor’s consent
109.685
Immunity from civil liability for person providing treatment or diagnosis
109.690
Parent or guardian not liable for payment under ORS 109.675
109.695
Rules for implementation of ORS 109.675 to 109.695
109.697
Right to contract for dwelling unit and utilities without parental consent
109.701
Short title
109.704
Definitions for ORS 109.701 to 109.834
109.707
Proceedings governed by other law
109.711
Application to Indian tribes
109.714
International application of ORS 109.701 to 109.834
109.717
Effect of child custody determination
109.721
Priority
109.724
Notice to persons outside state
109.727
Appearance and limited immunity
109.731
Communication between courts
109.734
Taking testimony in another state
109.737
Cooperation between courts
109.741
Initial child custody jurisdiction
109.744
Exclusive, continuing jurisdiction
109.747
Jurisdiction to modify determination
109.751
Temporary emergency jurisdiction
109.754
Notice
109.757
Simultaneous proceedings
109.761
Inconvenient forum
109.764
Jurisdiction declined by reason of conduct
109.767
Information to be submitted to court
109.771
Appearance of parties and child
109.774
Definitions for ORS 109.774 to 109.827
109.777
Enforcement under Hague Convention
109.781
Duty to enforce
109.784
Temporary order for parenting time or visitation
109.787
Registration of child custody determination
109.791
Enforcement of registered determination
109.794
Simultaneous proceedings
109.797
Expedited enforcement of child custody determination
109.801
Service of petition and order
109.804
Immediate physical custody of child
109.807
Warrant to take physical custody of child
109.811
Costs, fees and expenses
109.814
Recognition and enforcement
109.817
Appeals
109.821
Role of district attorney
109.824
Role of law enforcement officer
109.827
Costs and expenses of district attorney and law enforcement officers
109.831
Application and construction
109.834
Severability clause
109.990
Penalty
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